Response to Classmates’ contribution an Example by

Response to Classmates’ contribution to Hinduism and Chinese Art Abstract Need essay sample on "Response to Classmates contribution to Hinduism and Chinese Art" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed My appreciation for and understanding of Hinduism and Chinese Art increased manifold when I read the comments of my classmates on Hinduism and Chinese Art. The oldest religion, Hinduism, is a combination of many beliefs and philosophies coming together and manifesting in the worship of many forms of Gods and Goddesses. From the commentary of my classmates, I also realized that the Chinese Art, one of the oldest, remains refreshingly new even today. The intricate designs and combination of colors is a feast to the eye. Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: Can somebody complete my type essay? Click On Order Button And Get Ready To Be Amazed Hinduism The description of Traditional Hinduism exhibit in Smithsonians Sackler and Freer galleries in the words of my classmates, is very enlightening. Though I heard about Hinduism earlier, it is the first time that I have read and understood more about it. It is the worlds oldest and the third largest religion. It was born in India and originated from numerous religious beliefs and philosophies. The religion is based on the idea of reincarnation, or coming back in a different life form. In Hinduism they believe in polytheism, the term commonly used to describe the worship of or belief in more than one deity, especially several deities. I was intrigued with the number of gods and goddesses within Hindu religion. In my reading the numbers is in excess of three hundred million. Why is there a need for all these gods and goddesses? The different gods and goddesses represent different functions. Based on what an individual needed assistance with he or she would pray to that god or goddess. The most supreme of these gods and goddesses is Brahman, the Supreme Cosmic Spirit; known as the Absolute God of Hinduism. Some of the other gods include Devi, the divine female also known as the Mother of Goodness. Ganesha the beloved elephant face deity that clears all obstacles; Shiva the Destroyer, and Vishnu, the all prevailing, the protector of the world and the restorer of moral order. The history and practice of Hinduism is rather interesting and a religion that I would like to investigate further. Chinese Art My classmates written contribution on Chinese Art was quite an eye opener and makes me want to see these articles in person! One of the things that immediately appealed to me was the diversity of the materials they used. They ranged from jades, to bronzes, to ceramic, lacquer and even glass. I could easily compare my own observations of Chinese Art used in various types of artwork such as sculptures, dishes, furniture and paintings. They seemed to range from everyday common uses to showpiece designs. It was evident that many of these articles were works of art even during the time they were created. Once I saw the artwork, I immediately compared the Chinese artisans to other cultures and civilizations and felt they created more beautiful and intricate artwork than some of the other civilizations of their time. It also appeared that they made efforts to employ various techniques in the use of the materials they worked with. This led me to wonder if they were indeed a more advanced civilization than others around the world. The Chinese Art looks just as beautiful now as it did thousands of years ago. Many objects have withstood the test of time and we are fortunate to have many of these pieces available for our enjoyment and wonderment. I agree with the contributions of my classmates on Hinduism and Chinese Art. References Smithsonian Institution(2008). What are the basic beliefs of Hinduism. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from http://www.asia.si.edu/ Smithsonian Institution(2008). Chinese Art. Retrieved May 1, 2008.

Lajja- a Cultural Analysis Essay Example

Lajja Lajja- a Cultural Analysis Paper Lajja- a Cultural Analysis Paper Title: LAJJA- A CULTURAL ANALYSIS â€Å"Galti uski hi hogi†¦who ladki jo hai† . How many of us are familiar with this statement? How many of us have experienced something like this? The answer is a lot, a lot which cannot be counted. If its rape, it is the girl’s fault as she must have allowed it; if its eve-teasing, it’s again the girl’s fault as she must have been provocative. Every time a girl is victimised, people go against her and instead of punishing the criminal, the girl is accused. In this project, the movie ‘LAJJA’ has been taken up as an example of the oppressions done on women across the country. In historical terms, oppression of women is a relatively new phenomenon. Six thousand years ago, the oppression of women arose after the division of society into classes and the emergence of class society. Prior to this there was no domination of a man over woman, or a man over man. Only with the development of the slave empires of Mesopotania, Egypt, Greece and Rome did the exploitation came into action as before that there was no surplus created, only enough to survive. This movie highlights many social issues pertaining to the women. The movie revolves around four women who in one form or the other are oppressed by the society. Vaideihi (Manisha Koirala) is a married woman who has no other choice but accept her husband’s extra marital affairs. The day she decides to take a stand for herself, she is banished from her husband’s household. Meanwhile she finds out she’s pregnant and goes back to her parent’s house. There she is rejected too, saying that this will bring shame to the family. So, we see how deep the social culture has influenced us that it forced a mother to abandon her own daughter at the time she needed her the most. Maithilli (Mahima Choudhary) is troubled by the unreasonable demand of excessive dowry by the groom’s father which her father is unable to meet. Maithilli seeing this, calls off the marriage as she couldn’t see her father being humiliated any more. Every day there are so many such brides who, due to their inability of giving dowry, lose their marriage. These oppressions do not stop even after marriage. Once the bride is married she is insulted and asked for more dowries by her in-laws. After which she is tortured if she is unable to fulfil the demands. Even though taking or giving dowry is against the law, it is still practiced in many parts of the country. Not only in the rural areas, but dowry is encouraged in the educated class of society as well. Another victim in the movie is Janki(Madhuri Dixit) who is a theatre actress and is in love with her colleague. She is pregnant and doesn’t care about the norms of society. Janki is lusted after by the owner of the theatre who exploits her. The owner misleads Janki’s boyfriend and makes him doubt her integrity. In a Raamleela performance, she being the Sita, has to take the agneepariksha after she comes back from lanka. Janki refuses to walk through it saying that why should women always prove themselves to gain trust and respect. If a man performs adultery, he would not be even questioned. But a woman, just because she is a woman, has to be pure and safeguard her family’s name in the society. Janki says, â€Å"If Sita would not have taken the agni pariksha, the women of today would not have suffered the tantrums thrown at them. Janki is assaulted by the audience and is beaten up which leads her to miscarry her baby. The fourth woman, Raamdulari is a midwife in a village. She is more literate as compared to the other women of the village and in turn educates these women. Raamdulari strongly opposes the leaders of village. Later in the movie, she is gang raped and burnt alive by a group of henchmen sent by the village leaders. There are many such ‘Raamdularis’ in India whose voices go unheard, who are oppressed in this ruthless society of mail dominance. It doesn’t matter if a woman is raped, abused or killed as it would be said that she deserved it. The film clearly points a finger at how a male dominated society treats women. Women never feel the same freedom which men have. Where a girl is expected to be home by seven in the evening , the boy has no such restrictions. Women are never asked about their feelings, their desires, their emotions. A woman is just expected to cook, clean and produce children. But the situation is improving gradually as the literacy rates in the urban and rural areas are increasing. The woman no longer is just a homemaker. She has started contributing to the family income too. But many a times these women are exploited by their husbands and forced to give their earned salaries to them. Though being independent, they cannot enjoy the true meaning of independence. Whether rural or urban the plight of women is the same. In the urban areas, women have started taking a stand for themselves as they are getting more and more aware. Women in India are either killed at birth, face difficulties in getting married unless the dowry is paid, accused of being unfaithful, raped or killed. Such instances are never-ending. Interestingly, not only in India but other parts of the globe too, the women are exploited and oppressed. What we as a part of the society can do is spread awareness, encourage more and more women to get educated. Otherwise, if we don’t decide to take a stand now, then it will become so grave that how much ever we’ll want to eradicate the matter it will only get worse. After all, the greatness of a civilization can only be measured by the status of its women. Well ye know What woman is, for none of woman born Can choose but drain the bitter dregs of woe Which ever to the oppressed from the oppressors flow. -SHELLEY Bibliography 1. Lajja. Dir. Rajkumar santoshi. perf. Madhuri Dixit, Rekha, Manisha Koirala, Mahima Choudhary. Prod. Rajkumar Santoshi. writ. Ranjit Kapoor, Rajkumar Santoshi. Santoshi productions, 2001 2. Rob Sewell. The origins of womens oppression.. 05 september 2001. marxist. com/origins-womens-oppression. htm 3. Lajja Poster. google. co. in/imgres? q=lajjahl=ensa=Xgbv=2tbm=isch prmd=ivnsbtbnid=kdAZHYUtaw5n7M: imgrefurl= 4. chakpak. com /movie/lajja/11902docid=W16XdwZh GJbT3Mw=190h=215ei=Do4sTq6GJYX prQfc- eCxDQzoom=1iact=hcvpx=431vpy= 306dur=4735hovh=172hovw=1 52tx =84ty=130page=1tbnh=145tbnw=1 45start=0ndsp=18ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0biw=1366bih=643

9 Ways to Buy Time on the SAT

9 Ways to Buy Time on the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students say their biggest problem on the SAT is running out of time. In this post, we’ll cover some basic time-saving SAT strategies. Strategies for All Sections Get familiar with the test ahead of time. Know the instructions and formulas provided so you don’t have to read them on test day. They won’t be different from what’s in the current blue book (The Official SAT Study Guide). This also provides the psychological advantage of comfort and visual familiarity on test day. Practice. There is a limited number of question types on the SAT, and if you do even a few practice tests, you’ll start to get used to them. PrepScholar uses extensive practice quizzes and real SAT practice tests to acquaint you thoroughly with the question types and the skills they test. But even if you don’t prep with us, make sure you practicea lot. Don’t second guess yourself. Indecision is the biggest time waster for many students on the SAT. After you eliminate a few wrong answers, which is much easier than picking the right one, check the question to make sure you know what you’re looking for and pick from what’s left. Don’t come back to the question until you’ve answered all the others. Strategies for the Reading Section Don’t read the passages. That is, don’t read them in full before you look at the questions. They all fall into one of five basic categories and have many things in common, so there aren’t a ton of surprises. We at PrepScholar recommend a skim of the passage rather than a full reading. Most of the questions require you to reread sections of the passage anyway, so you might as well get only the specific details you need rather than try to remember every aspect of the passage. Strategies for the Writing Section Don’t go for too much in the essay. There are examples in the blue book (the Official SAT Study Guide) of essays that got perfect scores using only one example. Many students think that the essay needs to be crammed with historical or literary information, but a personal experienceif it suits the prompt and your thesisis no less valuable. Focus on the structure and flow of the essay, as well as using specific details, and don’t worry about the quantity of academic information it contains. Don’t get sucked into analyzing weird sentences. The SAT loves to use awkward or outdated phrasing to make Writing questions more difficult. Often, students get totally bewildered and freak out. But these bizarre sentences are still trying to test the same Writing concepts as all the other questions, so you just have to strip away the nonsense and look for that number agreement or verb tense problem. Strategies for the Math Section Skip the ones that you don’t immediately understand. We’ve all had the experience of staring at a question for a full minute and thinking, â€Å"How the heck am I supposed to figure this out?† On the SAT, these questions must be saved until the end of each section. Every question on the test is worth the same amount, so the #1 priority is to get all the easy questions first. After that, you can start worrying about the harder ones. Even if the question isn’t technically hard, but you’re having trouble wrapping your mind around it, skip it and come back. If it seems too hard, look for an easier way. Many of the Math questions on the SAT are designed to waste your time if you’re not clued in to the specific set of shortcuts they use. Pythagorean triples, for example, can tell you the measure of the hypotenuse of a right triangle (when you know the base and height) without doing any calculations at all. You can figure it out using the Pythagorean theorem, but that’s wasted time. Learn the shortcuts. Pythagorean triples are only one kind of shortcut on the math section; there are many others, which you can learn from us (or other sources, of course). If you don’t bother to do this, you’ll almost definitely run out of time. The Bottom Line There are lots of ways to buy yourself more time on the SAT and thus improve your score, but the common denominator among them is time. You’ll have to spend some time in order to do it right. If you’re looking for a structured, online learning program that can help you manage the time you spend prepping for the SAT, check us out. If you’re not, I hope these tips helped you think about your timing and how to improve it. Liked that article? Download our entire guide to the SAT!: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Laura Registrato About the Author Laura has over a decade of teaching experience at leading universities and scored a perfect score on the SAT. 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Video Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Video Response - Essay Example â€Å"claiming† education because it compels students to be active, free, and critical-thinking agents of the learning process, not passive recipients of â€Å"knowledge.† Rich helped me become more confident in claiming knowledge through being more responsible for thinking about my thinking and criticizing the thinking behind patriarchal texts in the past and present times. The second concept is â€Å"sexism.† Before, I used to think that sexism is about men subjecting women to prejudice and discrimination. Bell Hooks, in â€Å"Where We Stand: Feminist Politics,† argued that sexism also involves how sexist feminists undercut revolutionary feminists by accepting assimilation. Assimilation means that feminism ends with women being equals of men without changing the system that patriarchy is built on. Hooks encouraged me to become more critical of feminism in light of what women are no longer fighting for because of their assimilation into lifestyle feminism . The third concept is â€Å"revolution.† In American Revolutionary, Grace Lee Boggs inspired me when she said that â€Å"revolution† entails the evolution of the self, for only in changing the self can people aspire to truly change the world. Indeed, I cannot contribute to important social changes if I am not willing to change beliefs and assumptions that reinforce socially unjust beliefs and practices. 2. The Grace Lee Boggs documentary "American Revolutionary" focused on the intersections of race, racism, social justice and the importance of community. There was a conversation on ELMS yesterday about the intersection of race and feminism which leads me to ask, is race a feminist issue? Why or why not. Please explain your answer. I agree that race is a feminist issue because race affected and still continues to affect feminism’s assumptions, beliefs, practices, and goals. Feminism cannot be race-blind because race is part of our identity, especially in America, where race is a central issue for women in the past

Seminar inCriminology Discussion 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminar inCriminology Discussion 4 - Essay Example After this period, the use of force reduced when the police were dispersing crowds during riots or human rights groups and activists on strike. From the study that I selected on police use of force, there are several findings that Langston and Durose established in year 2011 regarding the use of police brutality and their behavior on streets and highways. On page 21, the study shows that the percentage of persons stopped in table 12 and 13 increased when the persons were stopped for no reason. However, despite being stopped for no reason, table 12 shows that 9.0% of the police behave appropriately. According to Langston and Durose (2013), persons who were stopped from any other reason, only 3.9% of the police behave appropriately. In table 13, the rate of people who reported that they thought excessive force was used and rated at 3.5% (Langston & Durose, 2013). The findings in the study show that there was a drop in instances when the police used force in 2011. This is a drop compared to the 1970s, when there were more instances recorded where the police used a lot of

An Examination of Power and Politics in Organizations Essay Example for Free

An Examination of Power and Politics in Organizations Essay Abstract Many studies have examined the affects power and politics have on organizations. In researching The University of Phoenixs Online Library and current web sites information shows that power and politics dominates the work place and organizations more than any other personal skill. In order to lead one must have power to influence, set and enforce rules. Politics are found in the majority of organizations, therefore it is crucial for employees to recognize the political game in their own organization and decide rather to participate and benefit from the positives of politics or not. An Examination of Power and Politics in Organizations Power and politics are dominating forces with in organizations. Organizations are lead by people with power. Power can be awarded by management to a person by title, legitimate power which is more formal and recognizable. Many leaders assume power through such things as knowledge, information or seniority. Through research located online and knowledge obtained from personal experiences a comparison was conducted on power and politics in organizations. The structure of a team is important in determining how the team will perform. Each team member should contribute skills to enhance the teams overall performance. Individual work habits and leadership styles will determine if the team has the ability to join together and complete their common goals. Teams create environments that bring out the best in each team member. A commitment to effectively communicating information and ideas is a characteristic of an effective team. That is why the usage of coercion and politics to gain advantage over team members can be very destructive to team dynamics. Coercion is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary is to force one to act or think in a certain manner, to dominate, restrain, or control by force. Often at work or in a group environment one might utilize this form of power to control dominance  over the group. This usage of power can often make other team members conform. In a successful team conformity is not a useful tactic. The usage of politics and coercion to gain advantage over team members is a danger to the success of the project. Once team members realize that their input is not wanted more than likely they will withdraw from the process altogether. The USA today states, offices dynamics often change from the usage of intimidation. (2004) For example a team must work together to process information for the desired results. Once a member takes advantage of a situation and use coercion to gain advantage it often leads to disaster. An example of such disaster happened recently within our team. A couple classes ago we had a member that was an extremely dominant person. The person was very smart and well educated but had a problem understanding the syllabus. Everybody in the team would understand the group assignments one way but she would always play devil advocate on the simplest details. She would use coercion to gain advantage over the other team members when we would meet to complete group assignments. The entire team was guilty of just going with the flow, not wanting to cause any problem. She was so convincing we felt she had to be correct! The result was a low grade, because the content was not correct. So the team from that moment on did not allow that dominant personality use politics and power to manipulate the group any more. Organizational Behavior Ch. 15 pg. 3 defines power through information as; Information power is the access to and/or the control of information. It is one of the most important aspects of legitimacy. In the majority organization the person with the information controls the manner in which the company operates. Expert power is the ability to control through the possession of knowledge, experience, or judgment that the other person does not have but needs. This source of power is often used by subordinates. Judson, P. stated in Worldwide Energy although there are several directors and managers to organizations the experts of the business actually controls progress. In the public works and engineering department there are several directors and managers. Hierarchical authority has put several rules, guide lines and manuals together through information they obtain for employees to  follow when completing tasks and goals. Supervisors and employees who actually work in the field have the knowledge and experience; therefore tasks are completed in a different manner than the manuals implement. The knowledge subordinates obtain through actually doing the work gives them more power and control in decision made about the organization. Politics are in all organizations and employees are affected in some way by politics. As stated in by Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, any study of power and influence inevitably leads to the subject of politics. For many, this word may conjure up thoughts of illicit deals, favors and special personal relationships. Although these actions are considered negative by the observer, the organization and the recipients view politics as positive. Organizations use politics to influence employees through promotions and rewards. The City of Houston Public Works and Engineering Department mainly promotes from with in the organization. This is a positive showing by management, because employees feel effort are rewarded. When you think of power and politics rarely are these images positive or inspiring. Corporate American today has fallen far from the one time logic that rewards are based simply on individual performance. Today more rewards are based on the managements need for power. This ability, power, to have someone else do something in the way you want it done and the precise time you need it done is an overwhelming and influential force. There are several types of ruling powers that are used in todays businesses. Perhaps, the most preferred by employees is known as the Reward Power. The Reward Power enables a manager to express their appreciation to an individual or group for a job well done by offering the employee or team members a bonus. Such pleasantries can be in the form of a pay increase, personal praise, or advancement within the company. Unlike the Coercive Reward, probably the most disliked by associates, is a system in which the person in charge uses punishment to rule. Examples of such authority could be the withholding of merit increases, denying a promotion, or even termination. Powers such as these are key elements to leadership success. Unfortunately, they seem to represent the seamy side of management (Schermerhorn, 2003). There are other powers used in organizational structures, such as legitimate, process,  informational and representative. These power all vary in pattern, however, none are as contrasting as the Reward versus Coercive Power. How do these managers gain this power? Some might believe that office politics and networking are major components. The saying its not what you know, but who, does not stand truer than in todays corporate environments. An example of networking took place a couple of years ago in our department. At the time of this occurrence, Sam was a Financial Administrator for the West Region. He held a reputation for one of the best managed financial divisions. It seems that Sam had built a special friendship with the Sales manager for that region and he would do allow special payments or exceptions for his market without proper documentation to help his numbers increase. These favors were soon shared with other salespeople from other markets, and Sam immediately became best of buddies with everyone. A few months later a position for a supervisor was opened and Sam immediately recruited his comrades to assist him in assuring this new position. His use of political power and networking is a prime example of the self absorbed need for dominance in todays managers. Ethical Persuasion and Legitimate Power can have a strong impact on teams, management and others alike. First, lets look at the definition of ethical persuasion and legitimate power. Ethical persuasion is behavior that is morally accepted as good and right (Schermerhorn, gloss, pg. 6). Legitimate power is the extent to which a manager can use the right of command to control other people (Schermerhorn, gloss, pg.12). Ethical Persuasion is very different from legitimate power because when a manger is demanding that you complete a task, the task may not always be ethical. Each one of these behaviors can affect a team in many ways. For example, a management team is assigned a task that involves investigating an employees work history to locate any negative infractions or practices in order to terminate the employee. In the investigating process you learn that this person is a single-mother barely able to feed her two children. However, the company cannot afford to keep her for financial reasons and needs to lay her off. There are five members in the management team that are working on this case and three of them are females, these ladies do not feel that they are  displaying ethical behavior and refuse to have anything to do with dismissing this single mother. In reality this woman has done nothing wrong, she was just the last one hired. In the meantime the CEO hears about the moral conflict and he gets very upset with the team members disobedience. Consequently, the CEO calls a meeting to let the management team know that he is the head of the company and team will do as he says whether they like it or not. If the team do not do as they are told, then they can give the single mother their positions because they will no longer be needed. In this situation the CEO is clearly using legitimate power, which is definitely not ethical; however, it is a job that still has to be done. Therefore, ethical behavior and legitimate power can and will eventually affect a management team. More often than not legitimate power will overrule ethical behavior. In conclusion research has proven sources of position and personal power, such as expert, information, reward, coercion and legitimate are used by employees to control, persuade and influence people and organizations. Politics are more commonly used by management to control and influence organizational behavior. Both politics and power have positive and negative affects on employees, organizations and communities. References Lindsey, L. B. (2004, July 14) Office Dynamic; Retrieved August 26, 2004 from University of Phoenix, EDSCO Host database, Website http://phoenix.edu//libraryresource Stum, D.L. Strategy and Leadership. Maslow Revisited. Building the Employee Commitment Pyramid Volume 29. University of Phoenix Custom Edition. Retrieved August 25, 2004, from ProQuest database. Judson, P. (2004) Advantages of Experts; Worldwide Energy. Vol. 15 Issue 8 p3. abstract retrieved August 28, 2004, from EBSCOhost data base Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G. Osburn, R.N. (2003) Organizational Behavior New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Ch. 15 Power and Politics Pg 2-3

Animals Deserve Rights Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essa

Animals Deserve Rights It is the notion of our time that non-human animals exist for the advancement of the human species. In whatever field -- cookery, fashion, blood-sports -- it is held that we can only be concerned with animals as far as human interests exist. There may be some sympathy for those animals, as to limit practices which cause excruciating suffering, but those may only be limited if they are brought to public light, and if legislators receive enough pressure from the public to change. However, it is the purpose of this essay to convince the reader otherwise. The question at hand is: do animals deserve rights? It must certainly be true. Humans deserve rights and this claim is made on numerous appeals. Of one of the pertinent pleas is made on the claim that humans can feel emotions. More importantly, that humans are capable of suffering, and that to inflict such pain is unethical. Those who observe the tortures of the Nazi Concentration Camp are instilled with a humane creed held for all humans. But if there is no significant gulf between humans, that is to say there is no gulf based on skin color, creed, or gender that will make one human more or less valuable than any other, then by what right can a gulf be drawn out between humans and our fellow creatures? The suffering of humans is why we sympathize with each other. Since animals suffer, they deserve our sympathy. There is no real gulf separating the species. We all can feel suffering in the same manner. A racist's reasoning is flawed because he claims that one race is undeserving of sympathy, despite that it may be capable of suffering. Similarly, to claim that an animal deserves no rights or sympathy is faulty on the same reasoning. It creates a gu... ..., economics, and humaneness prefer otherwise. Therefore, Vegetarianism is the first logical step in Animal Rights. If we continue to kill and eat them, then what real recognition of their rights has there been? Another area where their rights are disregarded is in blood-sports, where creatures are hunted and killed for some sake of pleasure -- that terror in the hearts of animals brings warmth to the hearts of men. Vivisection, or experimental torture, is another area. To advance knowledge, they will sacrifice the lives of millions, to die in brutal and heartless tortures. The advancement of humaneness will come with abolition of these cruel and vicious practices. Those of us who work for the progression of the rights of animals and for truly equal rights of conscious beings are bold and ardent in our efforts. For the betterment of our fellow creatures is our cause.

A Contribution to the Economy Turning Into a Life Threatening Situation

In this growing economy, where people are involved in a rat race for survival, there are times we do not realize that the deeds we are doing for the betterment of the economy could affect our lives. An example of such a scenario could be the toxic secretion of a leather industry into the sea.Of course when we look at the leather factory, we consider that the leather that is being created in the factory will be further used in making goods such as shoes and bags which can then be exported to other countries for sale.Such a description for the factory would mean that the factory itself has a fine intention of building the economy as a whole. However, what one does not realize is that the toxic waste which is emanating from the factory into the sea could cause a lot of diseases for those living in the vicinity.SolutionIn order to overcome this life threatening scenario into a less critical one would be by considering negotiation or mediation in the legal terms where the two parties may get together to reach an agreement. The only solution that may come in mind when in such a situation is to talk to the owner of the factory in order to convince about the difficulties being faced by the citizens. The citizens may also get together to from a public representation against the intoxication and approach the law making aspect of the country if a mutual agreement cannot be achieved between the two.ReferencesInternet. (2007). How Laws Are Made. Retrieved on January 25, 2009 from: http://bensguide.gpo.gov/9-12/lawmaking/index.html New York State Archives. Environmental Affairs in New York State: An Historical Overview. Retrieved on January 25, 2009 from: http://www.archives.nysed.gov/a/research/res_topics_env_hist_machine_toxic.shtml The Internet Movie Database. (2009). A Civil Action. Retrieved on January 25, 2009 from: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120633/plotsummary

The Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas

Abstract IntroductionBackgroundThe nature of the environment in which a business operates determines how it engages other players in the sector. This, therefore, determines the types of contracts that businesses get into. The oil and gas industry relies on contracts to carry out its activities just like other business entities do. The oil and gas industry mainly engages production sharing contracts, driven by the numerous stakeholder interests the sector has.Research TopicThe Prevalence of Production Sharing Contracts in Oil and Gas (Case Study of Sonangol, an Angolan Oil Company)AimThe aim of the study is to establish the prevalence of production sharing contracts in the oil and gas industry, with particular interest in Sonangol, an oil company in Angola.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study are: To determine the nature of the oil and gas business in Africa To determine the types of contracts administered in the oil and gas sector To determine the share of production sharing contracts relative to other types of contracts To establish the reasons for adoption of production sharing contracts at SonangolResearch questionsWhat types of contracts does Sonangol engage Are production sharing contracts prevalent at Sonangol Why does Sonangol adopt production sharing contracts What benefits and challenges do Sonangol get by using production sharing contracts Literature ReviewKey WordsContracts, Production Sharing Contracts, Effects, Prevalence, Economics, International Oil Companies, National Oil Companies, AngolaKey LiteratureBindemann, K., 1999. Production Sharing Agreements: An Economic Analysis This source touches on the economics of production sharing agreements with reference to oil and gas in Angola and the Middle East. Bindemann, K. 2000. The Response of Oil Contracts to Extreme Price Movements. Discussion Paper. Department of Economics (University of Oxford). Fattouh, B. and Darbouche, H., 2010. North African oil and foreign investment in changing market conditions. Energy Policy, 38(2), pp.119-1129.Gaps in literatureMost literature refers to situations in North Africa and the Middle East and not Angola or Sonangol. Most available literature is more than five years old. Chances are that the conditions have changed, rendering them irrelevant to current circumstances This section presents an analysis of existing literature on Oil and Gas in Africa and Angola in particular, while studying the types of contracts that oil and gas companies utilize. This is broken down into subtopics as follows:Oil and gas in AfricaThis section provides a general overview of the oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, countries, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Africa Challenges in the African oil and gas industryOil and gas in AngolaThis section provides an overview of the Angolan oil and gas industry, highlighting the major players: companies, communities, and other stakeholders. History of the oil and gas industry in Angola Challenges in the Angolan oil and gas industry Merits of oil and gas to the Angolan EconomyContracting in the oil and gas industryTypes of contracts administered in the global oil and gas industry Comparison between contracting in Africa and the Middle EastProduction Sharing Co ntractsIdentify the parties involved Terms and conditions Benefits/demeritsContracting at Sonangol (Types of contracts)Encompasses all types of contractual agreements Sonangol engages Criteria Sonangol uses to select the type of contractual agreements it uses Ratio of contracts based on typeProduction sharing contracts at SonangolThe nature of production sharing contracts at Sonangol Parties involved Responsibility Terms and conditions Research Methodology The study will follow the constructivist approach and rely on the analysis of secondary data that will be obtained both from the private and public domain. Of particular interest will be records from Sonangol and researches published in journals. The research will use catalogues to locate relevant books and indexes to locate appropriate periodicals. In addition, the study will use the Internet to find relevant electronic resources and databases. An analysis of the books, periodicals, and databases would follow to ascertain the authority and quality of information. Data analysis will be quantitative. Findings i.Reasons for the adoption of production sharing contracts at Sonangolii.Advantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol iii.Disadvantages of production sharing contracts at Sonangol iv.Comparison between production sharing contracts and other types of contracts at SonangolDiscussion Discuss the reasons for the prevalence of production sharing contracts at Sonangol, their merits, demerits, and challenges. Conclusion Summary of the suitability of production sharing contracts at Sonangol. Are they the best for the oil and gas industryShould they be upheld? References List of all works cited in the study Appendices Relevant documents, tables, and graphs

INTRODUCERE IN ISTORIA SCRISULUI SI A CARTII Essays - Free Essays

INTRODUCERE IN ISTORIA SCRISULUI SI A CARTII Essays - Free Essays INTRODUCERE IN ISTORIA SCRISULUI SI A CARTII Vizite: ? Nota: ? i1s6se O FUGARA PRIVIRE ASUPRA MENIRII CUVANTULUI SCRIS La inceput de mileniu III se cuvine sa intoarcem privirile spre inceputurile civilizatiei umane pentru a ne pune cateva intrebari logice si mereu incitante. De ce scriu oamenii ? De cand scriu_? si Cum comunica ei prin scris ? Si daca facem in gand ocolul Terrei, am putea fi uimiti in fata imaginii unui adevarat Turn Babel al scrierilor ajunse pana la noi. Nu stim daca noi putem estima astazi cu exactitate cat de mare este aportul scrierii ca tezaurizator al formelor de civilizatie si cultura ale omenirii, dar suntem siguri ca niciodata nu se va afla cate descoperiri s-au pierdut din cauza lipsei cuvantului scris in acele inceputuri ale timpului si cate se vor fi sters odata cu incendierile care au distrus atatea inventii incredintate de geniul omenesc viitorului prin litera asezata pe hartie.O incercare de a calcula statistic cat anume a ajuns la noi din ceea ce a creat Antichitatea a condus la concluzia ca in prezent detinem numai a patruzecea parte din mostenirea vechii epoci. Nu vi se pare surprinzator de putin? Asa cum suntem siguri ca fara inventarea plugului, a rotii olarului, a strungului s i a razboiului de tesut nu ar fi inflorita azi marea industrie moderna, tot astfel putem sa fim incredintati ca fara nascocirea lui Gutenberg si fara ideea lui Marconi precursorii nostri, care trudind veac dupa veac au impins viata spre prezentul, pe care il traim in acest inceput de mileniu III, n-ar fi infruntat atat de eroic cerbiciile istoriei. De cand preistoria a lasat locul istoriei, oamenii au cautat metode pentru a nu da prada uitarii faptele mari ale timpului lor. Povestite copiilor si nepotilor, ele au trecut prin viu grai din generatie in generatie. Dar pentru ca fiecare povestitor simtea nevoia sa adauge sau sa lase la o parte cate ceva din cele ce el auzise narandu-se, ceea ce se transmitea depasea frontierele istoriei, devenind basm, legenda, balada sau epopee. Pentru a le da mai multa stralucire rapsozii le-au turnat in versuri. Astfel s-au inaltat acele unice monumente ale limbii si civilizatiei eline care sunt cantecele homerice, Iliada s i Odiseea, atata timp nescrise, circuland prin viu grai de la o generatie la alta. Atunci cand cuvantului i s-a simtit rostul de pastrator al cugetarii si sentimentelor umane, scrisul a si inceput sa fie plamadit in forme pe care fantezia fiecarei semintii a gasit-o potrivita intelegerii sale. Mai apoi, oamenii au descoperit mijlocul de a transmite posteritatii viata lor traita, iar ves tile lor aveau sa ajunga acolo unde vorba zisa liber nu putea razbate nestingherita de departarea in timp si spatiu. Astfel gandul cu ideile omului, simtirea cu emotiile sale aveau sa treaca fara vama de la un meridian la altul, de la un secol la altul. Inainte ca primul cuvant sa fi fost fixat prin scris, oare cu ce mijloace isi ajutau oamenii memoria? Cum comunicau intre ei printr-un alt fel de semne care au precedat scrisul ? Se crede ca, spre exemplu, ridicarea unor mormane de piatra, apoi a unor stele funerare, ca forme de a comunica o idee, ar fi fost primii pasi spre inventarea scrierii. Pana la noi a razbit pe calea traditiei populare obiceiul de a-ti face un nod la batista ca sa-ti amintesti ca stii ca ai de implinit un proiect ori un comision. Este vorba in asemenea exemplificari doar de un rudiment al unor sisteme de comunicare, ce erau intrebuintate in epoca in care se trecea de la preistorie la istorie. Poate ca mataniile, inventate candva de catre calugarii budis ti si folosite pana astazi de catre catolici, nu sunt nici ele altceva decat niste precursoare ale scrisului. Ele ar putea face parte dintr-o preistorie a erei Gutenberg, aidoma semnelor casei, care se intrebuintau chiar ca iscalitura, cand proprietarul nu cunos tea scrisul, sau desenelor de pe stanci facute in epoca de piatra, ele marcand inceputul scrierilor in sisteme sintetice. Din nevoia de a pastra si transmite unele amintiri s-au creat primele documente intocmite cu ajutorul scrierii pictografice sau ideografice intr-un sistem ce reda numai sensul general, fara a pastra insa textul exact. Inscriptiile ideografice se mai redacteaza s i astazi, respectandu-se o traditie

An Analysis Of Global Alliances

An Analysis Of Global Alliances As a matter of survival, airlines within the current environment are constantly reviewing and altering their strategies. An important component of any airlines’ strategy to remain viable and maintain competitive advantage in today’s setting is to pool resources and share risk, known as an alliance. A broad definition of an alliance that occurs in the aviation industry is the â€Å"collaboration between two or more firms that retain their autonomy during the course of their relationship† (Kleymann & Seristà ¶, 2004). To that end, there are certain variations of airline alliance in vogue today, in particular the Global Airline Alliance. Starting with a synopsis and identification of these alliance groups, the discussion will move to a selection and analysis of benefits and shortcomings that can be associated with global alliances from a business and consumer perspective. From here, an appreciation will be gained of the major airline alliances and typical rational e of alliance strategies. Currently, the most popular forms of coalition in the airline business are the non-equity marketing alliances known as Airline Alliance Groups (Kleymann & Seristà ¶, 2004) or Global Multicarrier Alliances (Cools & Roos, 2005). At the present time, the main global multicarrier alliance networks are Star Alliance, One World, and Skyteam (UBM, 2010). These alliances are predominantly a massive global network of multilateral codesharing and joint resource Air Service Agreements (ASA’s) between carriers. This allows a central point of contact for the passenger to â€Å"ensure a convenient, smooth and efficient worldwide travel experience† (Star Alliance, 1997). Although individual airlines are aligned under the umbrella of a single corporate entity, distinct airline brand identities and cultures are retained. These alliances have set out to revolutionise seamless air travel for the international passenger from hub to hub and beyond. Additionally, the synergies created were only possible due to astute governance of previously implausible collaboration. To that end, airline conglomerates now understand â€Å"The best way to generate real business growth and expansion is by forging the appropriate strategic partnerships† (Borovich & Yeheskel, 2001). From an airline business perspective, membership in a global alliance has one distinct, instantaneous and strategic advantage. Almost overnight, all member airlines’ geographic route structures will have expanded without costly capital investment in infrastructure and assets. This allows airlines to service routes that were previously deemed non-profitable or inaccessible, albeit on other alliance members’ aircraft. This â€Å"complementary alliance† (Oum & Park, 1997, as cited in Chen & Ross, 2000, p. 328) has the flow on effect of generating untapped markets within the domestic environment and yielding higher load factors for all alliance members aircra ft operations. Henceforth, this produces larger revenues which in turn diminishes overhead costs and maintains more efficient airlines by lowering unit cost base (Doganis 2001, p. 76). While this contributes to diversification and larger profit margins for collaborating airlines, the traveller can be confident airfare cost will remain relatively reasonable assuming competition remains viable on any given route. This is a beneficial outcome for all involved, both airline businesses and the consumer. A comparable example where alliances between two airlines operating on the same route is however, considered anti-competitive (Chen & Ross, 2000, p 328). Here the competing airlines could strike a codeshare accord, typically after a tenuously long and protracted battle attempting to gain market share. This is routinely known as a â€Å"parallel alliance† (Oum & Park 1996, p. 190), however this is unfortunately likely to result in cartel type price fixing. This form of alliance gene rally benefits the airlines as it narrows competition and has a propensity to create a higher demand for a particular service, hence higher airfares (Chen & Ross, 2000, p 328). Conversely, the pre-alliance scenario utilising â€Å"capacity dumping† (NZ Parliament, 2006), where supply exceeds demand, only profits the consumer with ridiculously low and unsustainable airfares. This invariably serves to strengthen the dominant market leader’s position by financially eliminating the competition in the long term. These types of alliance are inherent of predatory behaviour with very little consumer benefit and require antitrust immunity (Bilotkach, 2005, p. 168). An example of this type of arrangement within the global alliance networks does exist, although on the exceedingly competitive North Atlantic route between Lufthansa and United Airlines (Kleymann & Seristà ¶, 2004, p. 23).

Women Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women Rights - Research Paper Example A clarification is needed at the beginning; respect for women rights is hardly a universal (Cook, pp.3). However, thanks to numerous women throughout history, women have achieved equal rights in the workplace (O’Connor, pp. 270). Marina Jimenez (2011), a journalist wrote a personal essay stating that she suffered no discrimination at the workplace, for she received numerous assignments, traveled the world and shone in her career. She also elaborates that while she faces a major problem of combining childbearing with career, women have taken great strides in their careers (Jimenez, 2011). In addition, on the eve of the 100th International Women’s Day, different executives were interviewed about whether they faced discrimination at the workplace. According to Shona Nag, she feels that males do try to dominate and cannot absorb the fact that women might be better than they might at work. However, Chavan feels that she has never faced any sort of harassment, except some amo unt of over-protectiveness from men (Mid Day, 2011). Women are an all important source of human talent. This was proved during the Second World War. Although many conferences are held on the gender equality issue, there are various parts of the world, whether there is no concept of ‘equality’. However, it is necessary. Many people feel that there is an urgent need for a better social welfare system for women. This is mainly because of economic dependence and an inappropriate pay structure for the women. Women are the backbone of the society.